A hormonal upheaval at the root of a host of transformations

Generally, puberty starts between 8 and 13 years old for people with a uterus, vagina, and vulva, and between 9 and 14 years old for people with a penis and testicles. The timing of puberty varies based on different factors, like our genes. Puberty is usually complete between 18 and 20 years old.

Our bodies begin to produce sex hormones, like testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone. These chemical messengers orchestrate many physical changes:

• Growth: growth spurts, development of muscles, breasts, and hips.

• Genitals: maturation of internal and external genitalia.

• Other transformations: appearance of body hair, voice changes, acne, oily skin, body odor...

People with a uterus, vagina, and vulva will also experience their first vaginal discharge (whitish discharge) and their first periods. People with a penis and testicles will have their first erections and ejaculations.

Psychological and Emotional Changes

Puberty isn't just about physical changes. Our inner world is also undergoing a major transformation:

• Our relationships: Our social sphere can become more important, and we may see our friendships, relationships with family, and romantic relationships change.

• Our interests: We may discover a need for independence, develop passions, and learn more about ourselves—our identity, values, and interests. Some people may start to explore their sexuality and need for intimacy.

• Our mood: We might experience our emotions more intensely. Our lifestyle habits, like sleep, can also change.

    

These changes are different for everyone and happen at different paces. They might start earlier or later, last longer or finish sooner. For some, changes might happen suddenly, while for others, things will shift slowly and gradually.